Macro Research

Japanese equities hit a record high. Here’s why it remains our top equity pick

Japanese equities have been on a blistering run, hitting decade highs recently. We believe the rally has staying power.

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  • Published on 24 May 2023

Japanese equities hit a record high. Here’s why it remains our top equity pick | Open a FREE FSMOne account and manage all your investments conveniently in ONE place

  • An improving domestic consumption and a tourism spending boost should drive a consumption-led growth this year, keeping the Japanese economy resilient.
  • Balance sheets of corporate Japan are in a strong position entering a global growth slowdown. Corporate earnings have also remained resilient. 
  • Valuations remain cheap even after the rally. Relative to global peers, Japanese equities continue to trade at attractive valuations.
  • We expect the yen to strengthen relative to major currencies this year and see more positive spillovers.
  • Mounting momentum for corporate reforms and a potential take-off in Japan’s semiconductor industry provides reason to cheer for beyond the near-term.

Japanese equity indices hit record highs after decades


Japanese equities have been on a tear in recent weeks, with domestic equity indices hitting decade highs. Both the Nikkei 225 and Topix index have rallied and are up 18.6% and 14.3% year-to-date respectively (in local currency, as of 23 May). Before the breakout performance, risk appetite across developed markets has been badly hammered. Mounting concerns regarding the rapid credit tightening, the US debt-limit risk, and a slew of mediocre economic data across the region weighed on investors’ sentiment. This drove many investors to Japanese equities which exhibited rosier economic prospects and firm corporate fundamentals. Other positives such as a push for corporate reforms and a potential exit from decades of deflation further amplified Japan’s attractiveness against other markets. 

In a way, this rally has re-assured our call for Japanese equities. We have been positive on Japan since last year and, more recently, have also doubled down by upgrading the country from 3.5 Stars “Attractive” to 4.0 Stars “Very Attractive”. For our discretionary portfolios, before the rally, we also raised our allocation to Japanese equities, bringing it to +5% overweight. Moving ahead, Japan remains one of our top equity market picks and in this article, we highlight the key reasons why. 

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1. Strong re-opening tailwinds driving a relatively rosier economic outlook


Japan’s re-opening has thus far been very supportive for growth. Inbound visitors have rebounded by more than 2400% year-on-year over the past 12 months, fuelling a 336% growth in tourism spending, a driver of consumption, in the same period (as of March). Despite the dramatic rebound, inbound tourism spending is still 88% of its pre-COVID level and will likely grow as tourism is on track to top pre-covid levels. Domestically, heightened inflation does little to harm spending. Japan’s consumption has rebounded steadily, even in real terms, and is now at 91% of its pre-covid trend based on our estimates (Chart1). Another sign that the consumption fuel will not empty soon is the improving consumer confidence. Japan’s Consumer Confidence Index has been on a solid rebound this year, with April’s reading hitting the highest level since February 2022.

Private consumption, which makes up roughly two-thirds of Japan’s GDP, will be a key driver of Japan’s growth this year. We expect a consumption-led growth this year, which should keep the Japanese economy resilient at a time when global growth is softening. To be clear, Japan’s economic growth will likely moderate in 2023 due to softer global economic momentum, but unlikely to decline as much as other developed markets (Chart 2). Overall, a comparatively better economic outlook should support relative performance for Japanese equities.

Chart 1: Consumption has rebounded after Japan relaxed measures and is now at 91% of its pre-covid trend

 

Chart 2: Our expectations remains aligned with consensus - Japan to deliver relatively stronger growth in 2023


 

2. Solid corporate balance sheets, complemented with resilient earnings outlook


Corporate balance sheets for many Japanese companies are in a strong position. Cash reserves have risen substantially over the past 10 years as operating conditions improved after the GFC (Chart 3). For instance, from FY12 – FY22, net margin expanded from 2.3% to 8.5%, corporate earnings grew 370%, corporate tax rates were slashed from 38.0% to 30.6%, and borrowing costs fell drastically under BOJ’s negative interest rate policy. This has led to a near 250% surge in cash and cash equivalent during the time.

As of end-2022, close to 50% of Japan-listed companies are net cash (cash and liquid assets in excess of total interest-bearing debt), more than double that of US and European-listed companies. With our base case for a US-led recession, we think Japanese companies are well buffered by the strong cash-rich balance sheet which they can deploy to defend operating performance and quickly recover operations.

Despite the challenging backdrop, close to 55% (122 out of 223) of Nikkei 225 constituents managed to either beat or deliver earnings in line with expectations in the previous quarter. As such, earnings estimates have held up well in recent months, with the forward 12 months EPS estimates improving. The rosier corporate earnings outlook for Japanese equities is also reflected through higher estimated earnings growth for FY23 and FY24 (Table 1).

Chart 3: Aggregate cash and cash equivalent for Japanese equities have risen substantially over the past decade

 

Table 1: Forecasted earnings growth rates (FY23 – FY25) across major equity markets


3. Valuations continue to trade at a discount 


Valuation for Japanese equities remains cheap. The Nikkei 225 index is still trading at almost -7% discount to its long-term average (Chart 4), in terms of the consensus forward PE ratio. Beyond absolute valuations, Japanese equities continue to trade cheap relative to global equities, and most developed equity markets. Cheap valuations, both absolute and relative, also imply that (1) investors are getting exposure to cash-rich Japanese companies at a steep discount, (2) there is a margin of safety entering a global growth slowdown, and (3) valuations have further scope for normalisation, despite the recent rally.

Chart 4: Japanese equities are still cheap relative to history, even after the recent rally

 

4. Currency tailwind from a yen reversal


We expect the yen to climb higher against major currencies this year due to a likely normalisation of monetary policy (resulting in higher JGB yields) (Chart 5), mounting domestic/ financial pressure on the BOJ, and a re-direction of flows back to the yen. Historically, a weaker yen has proven supportive for Japanese equities, largely through the boost in earnings. While this is true, we think a stronger yen should not detract from Japanese equities’ performance this time given the positive spillovers.

First, a yen strengthening should help quell macro risks such as the trade deficit and corporate headwinds like high import costs. Second, a strengthening also adds to total returns for foreign investors. Lastly, a stronger yen can renew overseas investors’ optimism toward Japanese equities. Additionally, a yen strengthening will take place at a time when the currency is significantly weak relative to history. As such, a strengthening might not have the same drawback as an appreciation when the yen is around the historical average. 

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Chart 5: Markets are pricing in an eventual abandonment of the BOJ's YCC and higher policy rates 


 

5. A brighter longer-term picture


Corporate reforms are quickly gaining traction. The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) has now joined the likes of Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party in pushing for better corporate governance. In particular, the stock exchange is now pressuring companies with low PB ratios to more efficiently use capital or potentially be delisted. This has sparked a drastic shift in corporate behavior over the past few months as many companies have responded with buybacks and improvement measures. 

We see the push by TSE for corporate reform as a reinforcement of policymakers’ long-term desire to encourage greater participation by local and foreign investors by boosting shareholder value. We expect corporate reform momentum to intensify moving forward, supporting the case for Japanese equities.

Chart 6: With the recent push for better corporate governance, more foreign investors are entering the Japanese equity market


Potential to re-emerge as a semiconductor powerhouse. Tensions between the West and China over the global chip supply chain have motivated companies to re-establish and strengthen the supply chain in Japan. Many of the world’s biggest chip makers like Micron, Intel, TSMC, and Samsung Electronics, have made plans to invest in Japan, such as the building of manufacturing plants and R&D centers. Japan stands out as an attractive destination due to its generous subsidies, developed infrastructure, existing expertise, and skilled labor force. 

The government is also pushing to grow the domestic semiconductor industry. Japan’s industry ministry targets to triple the sales of companies manufacturing semiconductors to ¥15 trillion by 2030. With both external and domestic push for Japan’s semiconductor industry, we see the potential for accelerated growth in the coming years. While this may take time, we expect significant positive spillover on both an industry and economic level.

Further upside for Japanese equities


With our fair PE ratio of 18.0X on EPS forecasts for the next two fiscal years, we project a target price of 38,700 for the Nikkei 225 Index by Mar-2025 which implies a 25% upside potential (Chart 10 and Table 1). In sum, we continue to find Japanese equities attractive given i) the ongoing re-opening tailwinds and relatively better economic outlook, ii) solid corporate balance sheets and resilient earnings outlook, iii) cheap valuations, and iv) currency tailwinds.

Given our view of the yen, we prefer an unhedged share class to maintain exposure to the yen. For investors who wish to seek exposure to Japan’s equity market, we have two recommendations. For investors who prefer heavier exposure to high-quality growth companies, we recommend the JPMorgan Funds - Japan Equity A (dist) SGD, which provides exposure to fast-growing industries such as robotics, AI, and automation. For investors who prefer a more value-oriented exposure, we recommend the Eastspring Investments - Japan Dynamic AS SGD, which provides greater exposure in the value segment of Japanese equities, such as the banks, major auto companies, and industrials heavyweights.  


Chart 7: Earnings forecast for Nikkei 225 Index

 

Table 2: Projections for the Nikkei 225 Index

Japan (Nikkei 225 Index)

FY2022

FY2023

FY2024

FY2025

PE ratio (X)

23.5

18.3

15.8

14.4

Projected earnings growth (YoY %)

-24.3%

28.7%

15.4%

9.9%

Projected Earnings Per Share (EPS)

1,316

1,694

1,955

2,149

Target fair price (Based on 18.0X Fair PE ratio)

-

-

-

38,700

Potential upside (%)

-

-

-

24.9%

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., iFAST estimates. Data as of 22 May 2023. *Fiscal year from April 1 to March 31

 
The Research Team is part of iFAST Financial Pte Ltd.

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