Macro Research

Market Outlook: The recession drumbeat grows louder. This is what we like and dislike right now.

After a chaotic month, we now see a higher risk of US recession. As we head towards the economic crunch, here’s what we prefer and would avoid across equity and fixed income markets.

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  • Published on 06 Apr 2023

Market Outlook: The recession drumbeat grows louder. This is what we like and dislike right now.  | Open a FREE FSMOne account and manage all your investments conveniently in ONE place

  • A soft-landing looks increasingly distant and we see a higher risk of a US recession. Recent banking turmoil should lead to further credit tightening and economic drag which should manifest in 2H23.

  • A recession risk looks underpriced. We expect further downside as a recession materialises. We believe it is prudent to stay defensive and maintain our preference for bonds over equities.

  • Our equity views have not changed. For equities, we continue to favour Japanese equities. The rally in Asian stocks has reignited interest in the region, but we remain cautious and maintain our neutral view.

  • For fixed income, we maintain our preference for high-quality and short-duration bonds. We caution investors from buying into the Asian high-yield rally as we believe it is unsustainable and risks remain prevalent in the China property sector.

The recession drumbeat grows louder


March was a chaotic month as the sugar rush that markets experienced late last year continued to fade as fears of a banking crisis overwhelmed market euphoria. Global equities were down for the first half of March before rebounding over the past two weeks. As optimism starts to rebuild, we cannot help but ponder the possibility of a false dawn as a soft-landing looks increasingly distant after recent developments. 

We now see a higher risk of a US recession. Drags from Fed rate hikes are building as the delayed impact from last year will continue to weigh on growth throughout the year. Markets and the Fed disagree on the path of interest rates but we believe the latter is right. The continuing tightness in the labour market and sticky inflation will make it a daunting task for the Fed to cut rates this year, which means the economic damage from higher-for-longer rates will snowball. Already, leading indicators are pointing towards a slowdown in the economy (Chart 1).

Chart 1: Leading indicators are already pointing towards a slowdown in the economy

 
Recent happenings across the US banking sector have also materialised as economic drags. While the fallout from the bank turmoil has been limited mostly to regional banks, credit conditions in the US will likely deteriorate as banks turn more conservative.

Before the SVB collapse, we see banks already tightening their lending standards for business loans as growth deteriorated. The tightening will accelerate as financial stress and regulatory pressures mount. On the consumer side, lending standards for auto and credit cards have also tightened, albeit more recently. With the expected contraction in business and consumer loans, we foresee a bigger credit drag in 2H23, which will have negative implications for the labour market (Chart 2). In short, the headwinds that are emerging in the US credit markets will gradually weigh on growth.

Chart 2: Tightening credit conditions have always negatively impacted the labour market

 
We believe higher odds of a US recession raise the risk of a global recession as Europe and China’s growth lack the horsepower to uplift the rest of the world. Like the US, Europe is facing the lagged economic impact from last year’s jumbo rate hikes, albeit slightly delayed, while inflation persistence will likely necessitate a higher-for-longer policy rate, weighing on regional growth. While China has seen an economic bounce, its positive spillover may be questionable. Tourism is picking up but the rebound is largely domestic, while the recovery in international tourism remains slow. Moreover, export and PMI data from Asian economies point to a slow and limited recovery in China’s demand. 

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Continue to stay defensive, stick with bonds over equities


With the march towards a US – and global – recession looking to pick up pace, we think this risk looks underpriced right now and there are several tell-tale signs. The more obvious ones are in asset pricing and consensus estimates: (1) equities have rebounded off their 2022 lows even as macro data have moderated; (2) the price decline and valuation contraction (valuations have even expanded in some regions) are far from recessionary level declines; (3) forward earnings estimates for both FY23 and FY24 are looking unrealistic given weaker growth outlook; and (4) credit spreads for bonds, particularly high-yield bonds, have narrowed after widening last year and are nowhere near recessionary levels. 

The mismatch between asset market pricing and a potential recessionary outcome is jarring. With markets still pricing in a soft-landing, there could be further downside and greater volatility ahead as a recession materialises.  We see greater downside for equity markets as the mismatch is arguably larger. In light of this risk, we maintain our preference for bonds over equities. Our recommendations of high-quality and short-duration bonds also remain, as outlined in last month’s market outlook. 

Fixed income has become increasingly attractive. After the jump in global policy rates last year, global bond yields have climbed to levels that were last seen during the global financial crisis. High-quality, investment-grade bonds now offer a yield of about 3.54%, more than double the S&P 500 estimated dividend yield of 1.71% in 2023 (as of 31 March 2023). Across the board, yields have picked up substantially, providing investors with a real alternative to the stock market. Valuations of bonds have also turned much more attractive as compared to equities, as seen from the tightening spread between earnings and bond yields (Chart 3). The spread (implied payoff for picking equities over bonds) is now near decade lows. In other words, investors are now poorly compensated for taking on equity risk. 

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Chart 3: Bonds are increasingly more attractive compared to equities


Where to invest and what to avoid in equities?


Despite a volatile month, our equity views have not changed. Within equities, we continue to favour Japanese equities. As the risks of a global recession rise and equity drivers are getting scarce, we find Japan to be one of the few markets still supported by a confluence of positive factors. As such, Japan is currently our pick as we enter a recession. 

Japanese equities remain underpinned by a strong reopening tailwind and robust domestic spending. We expect a comparatively better economic outlook in Japan than developed market peers, which supports the relative performance of the region’s equities. Corporate balance sheets also remain strong, with Japanese companies entering the global slowdown with historically high, cash-rich balance sheets which can be deployed to defend operating performance (Chart 4). Japanese equities are trading at an almost 20% discount to their long-term average, near trough levels seen before the pandemic. This provides a wide margin of safety in the event of a recession. With our view of a stronger yen, we also see additional cushion from currency gains for foreign investors.

Chart 4: Corporate balance sheets for Japanese companies are strong, even when compared to peers 

 

Table 1: Recommended products for Japanese equities


Asia ex-Japan equities are another hot topic of late worth mentioning. After the strong rally in late 2022 - largely due to China – investors’ faith in the region has greatly been restored with many questioning if it is time to re-enter the beaten-down Asian stock market. We have been watching the recent rally but remain firm in our cautious view on Asia ex-Japan equities after our downgrade last year.

First, the outlook for China, India, and Hong Kong equities remains challenging. Without an improvement in the outlook for these key Asian markets, it is tough for us to turn positive on the region. Second, Asia ex-Japan equities are no longer cheap. The margin of safety has faded as valuations are trading near the long-term average after the rally. A majority of the sectors are also trading at a premium to their respective long-term averages. Third, we see no signs that the earnings downgrade cycle for Asian equities is U-turning and expect further cuts to earnings estimates. Weaker earnings and negative operating leverage could exert greater margin pressure down the road. Last, the upside potential of 10% (by end-FY24) for the region (gauged by the MSCI Asia ex-Japan index) remains lacklustre, especially when compared to the other emerging markets that we cover.

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Chart 5: Asian ex-Japan equities are no longer cheap

 

Where to invest and what to avoid in fixed income?


Within fixed income, we maintain our preference for high-quality and short-duration bonds. The heightened risk of a recession and expectation of more economic deceleration further affirms our preference for high-quality bonds.  At the same time, we think the risk is still tilted towards rate hikes (or at least staying put) rather than cuts and markets are likely underestimating longer-term inflation. As such, short-duration bonds are a sensible allocation. While the financial instability triggered by the recent bank failures is now a real concern, we do not see the Fed pivoting to rate cuts at a time when inflation still remains far above its 2% target. In fact, there are still some ways to go as we think labour market must first cool and credit conditions must tighten before the Fed considers rate cuts. 

Table 2: Recommended products for high-quality and short-duration bonds


Another segment within fixed income that is getting more attention is Asian high yield. The asset class has rallied after the announcement of measures by the Chinese government to support the property sector. With recent positive news flow coming from China’s property sector, many investors have also started to re-look Asian high yield. That said, we do not have faith in the rally and we maintain our defensive stance on Asian high yield bonds. 

Recent supportive policies to revive its property sector has so far seen limited success. We have continued to see developers (e.g. Times China, Ronshine) experiencing rating downgrades or defaults in recent times, a sign that China’s property crisis is far from over. Besides, we believe China’s property market remains plagued by a confidence crisis as homebuyers are not even convinced that developers can deliver the properties that have been pre-sold. To restore confidence, developers to finish the uncompleted projects for which homeowners have already paid, but this will take time, especially if they first need to be restructured. It will also take time for a steady stream of completions to restore confidence in the property market.

While the property sector has somewhat stabilised, as seen from a rebound in the NBS 70-city property price and new home sales data, we are hesitant to change our view. One positive data point does not make a trend and we question the sustainability of this recovery (Chart 6).  Positive data seen in February/March were artificially helped by last year’s extremely low base and pent-up demand from the recent exit from China’s draconian zero-Covid policy. Additionally, these recent data mostly reflect the first/mid-tier cities, leaving out the important lower-tier cities (three to five), which gives an incomplete picture of the sector’s health. Lastly, policymakers have expressed the continued desire to prevent “disorderly expansion” by developers, suggesting that deleveraging will remain the overall emphasis for the sector. A quick rebound seems unlikely.

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Chart 6: Despite the recent rebound, China’s property market is still significantly weaker than before

 

Asset allocation moving forward


Moving forward, a US, and likely global, recession is our base case this year, with little likelihood of a soft-landing. With that view, we see misplaced optimism in equities and high-yield bonds as a recession seems underpriced. As the risk of a recession grows, we expect further downside and greater volatility across asset markets. This warrants a more defensive positioning in asset allocation. We believe it is prudent for investors to reduce their risk by increasing their bond allocation. As such, at the asset class level, we retain our preference for fixed income over equities.

Within fixed income, we prefer investment-grade over high-yield bonds and short-duration over long-duration bonds. We caution investors from buying into the Asian high yield rally as we believe it is unsustainable and risks remain prevalent in the China property sector. Within equities, developed markets (DM) now look more attractive relative to emerging markets (EM). For the former, Japan remains our top equity pick. For EM equities, we believe it pays to be more selective at the moment. We remain cautious on Asia ex-Japan equities (as a region) and recommend investors to cut back on any overweight allocation. Instead, we like Latin America and ASEAN equities, with the latter being a more resilient region within Asia ex-Japan in our opinion. Given our expectations that inflation is likely going to be higher for longer, we also prefer value stocks and commodity-linked equities.

Lastly, we believe the USD is likely overvalued after its sharp rise in 2022. Investors should consider hedging away their USD exposure where possible, opting for hedged share classes for products exposed to the USD. We also expect the Japanese yen to reverse higher in 2023 after a significant weakening last year. We prefer an unhedged share class to maintain exposure to the yen.

Table 3: Recommended products for other equity segments we like



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