Macro Research

Downgrading emerging markets and Asia ex-Japan. How to re-position your portfolio

We are dialling back our optimism regarding Asia ex-Japan and EM equities, in light of our recent downshift in views for China and several key Asian markets.

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  • Published on 02 Dec 2022

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  • Despite the challenging global environment this year, we have been optimistic on Asia ex-Japan and Emerging market (EM) equities. However, in light of our recent downgrade of China equities, we are downgrading both regions.
  • We have turned negative on China equities given the new economic regime and rising geopolitical risk. Given China’s economic and equity linkage to the EM universe, a downshift in China’s growth outlook will have significant implications for the region.
  • We have also recently downgraded multiple key Asian markets due to a worsening outlook at a country level. We also find lesser upside potential for these two regions after revising down the respective earnings estimates and fair PE ratio.
  • As a result, we now find the risk-reward for Asia ex-Japan and EM equities to be less attractive and downgrade both regions from 4.0 Stars “Very Attractive” to 2.5 Stars “Neutral” and 3.0 Stars “Attractive respectively. 
  • We suggest cutting portfolio exposure to Asia ex-Japan and EM equities if investors are overweight or have a heavy position within the portfolio.

This year has been nothing short of challenging for emerging markets (EM). Asian equities, in particular, have fallen by almost -20% year-to-date (as of 30 November 2022). While we have remained positive on Asia ex-Japan and EM equities for most of this year, our recent change in view on China has prompted us to return to the drawing board and re-assess the investment case for these two regions.

Having done so, we have decided to dial back our optimism on Asia ex-Japan and EM equities on grounds of rising risks and a poorer return potential. In this article, we outline the key reasons why we have downgraded Asia ex-Japan and EM equities, and how investors can reposition their portfolios in light of this move.

1. Turning negative on Chinese equities. A downshift in China’s outlook impacts the region.


Our China downgrade forms the basis of our Asia ex-Japan and emerging markets downgrade, as Chinese equities constitute a large proportion of the underlying investment universe for both regions. While we have been bullish on China, the potential structural shifts set in motion by President Xi’s consolidation of power at the top have led us to become more defensive on Chinese equities. Under President Xi’s leadership, we believe China will accelerate its shift to a top-down state-controlled economy. This has major long-term implications. 

First, it elevates the risk of China entering a low-growth period. While the government has not ditched economic growth as a priority, it is likely that the balance of priorities will be shifted towards self-sufficiency. Second, the long-term profitability of private companies are now at risk, especially those that are not aligned with the government’s policy direction as state goals are now likely to take precedence over profit-maximisation. Third, with Xi likely to face even less opposition than during his first two terms, the risk of policy mistakes will be higher. Already, some policies have unintended consequences, including a property market crisis and rising youth unemployment.

Moreover, China’s foreign policy stance may become more assertive, with President Xi likely steering China away from reconciliation with the West and increasingly adopting a harder line against Taiwan. This is likely to bring forth greater geopolitical fragility and a new regime of heightened hostility between China and the West. Turning our sights to the shorter-term risks, we believe China is unlikely to completely pivot from its draconian zero-Covid policy. While the nation may ease restrictions, the risk of a U-turn back to a hard stance is always present, especially with the current party members. This is an ongoing risk to growth and earnings that is unlikely to fade as we enter 2023. 

Overall, given the escalating headwinds and risks, we believe Chinese equities now warrant a significantly higher risk premium. As such, we have turned negative and downgraded Chinese equities from 4.5 Stars to 2.0 Stars “Not Attractive”. At the same time, we also see significantly poorer potential upside over the two years.  

Given China’s equity linkage to Asia and EMs (the high equity exposure and earnings contributions in both indices), a downshift in China’s growth outlook will have significant direct implications for the regional equity outlook. We are also mindful of the economic spill-overs to countries that have an intimate economic relationship with China. Taken together, the potential direct and indirect impact warrants a more cautious take on Asia and EM equities. 


Chart 1: China has an overwhelming presence in both MSCI Asia ex-Japan and MSCI EM index

 

2. Multiple country-level downgrades justify a shift in regional view


More granularly, we have recently downgraded multiple key Asian markets (Table 1) given worsening country-level outlook, further reinforcing our decision to downgrade both Asia ex-Japan and EM equities. Aside from China, we have recently turned negative on Hong Kong and Indian equities, while also dialing back on our positive view on South Korean and Indonesian equities (the rationale for some of the ‘high profile’ downgrades are explained below).

At the same time, opportunities within EMs are also scarce and diminishing, which explains why there have been fewer upgrades compared to downgrades. The last upgrade was also done some time ago, when conditions were more favourable. With the global economy heading for a recession, equity markets could come under pressure as margins are eroded and earnings downgraded further.

Hong Kong: Aside from the pivot in our China view, we have turned negative on Hong Kong equities and downgraded the region from 4.5 Stars to 2.0 Stars “Not Attractive”.  The case for downgrade is similar to China as Hong Kong equities are likely inescapable from the risks highlighted in the above section. Moreover, the outsized concentration of internet companies (within the info tech and communication services sectors) in the Hong Kong equity market lends itself to be more exposed to potential regulatory crackdowns by the Chinese government – a risk which has previously faded, but likely to resurge during President Xi’s renewed leadership.

India: We turned negative on Indian equities and have reduced its star rating from 2.5 Stars “Neutral” to 2.0 Stars “Not Attractive”. In our view, India’s recovery looks increasingly fragile given upside risks in inflation and an aggressive RBI. Margins are declining and EPS cuts are escalating as a result, leading to incoming earnings weakness. Furthermore, valuations are not only stretched relative to history (above 20% premium to historical average), but also amongst EMs and Asian equities. In short, we expect heightened near-term downside given the risk of valuation contraction and EPS downgrade, with a deteriorating macro backdrop as a key catalyst. Longer-term upside potential has also fallen given the elevated entry valuations.

South Korea: We remain positive on South Korean equities but dialled back our optimism and downgraded the region from 4.0 Stars “Very Attractive” to 3.5 Stars “Attractive”.  South Korea’s export-led recovery is starting to fizzle out as global demand – China’s import demand in particular - continues to soften. Trade-related leading macro data are suggesting slowing economic momentum moving ahead. Moreover, the region’s significant exposure to semiconductors, particularly the memory market, has weighed on its outlook as the industry goes through a down-cycle. Earnings downgrades, which have started this year, are also expected to persist. Under these conditions, we expect the performance of South Korean equities to remain challenged in the near-term. However, as compared to other markets, valuations are still relatively cheap, and upside potential – while no longer as large as before - remains attractive (21%% by end-FY24 as of end-November), prompting us to dial back our optimism rather than turning negative on the region.



Table 1: Summary of recent changes in our EM equity outlook

 

3. Reduced upside potential in both Asian ex-Japan and EM equities 


We are reducing the fair PE ratio for Asia ex-Japan equities from 14.5X to 13.5X given the rising risk premium and structural headwinds for China equities, as well as its spill-overs to long-term growth potential for the Asian region. We are also reducing our EPS forecast for Asian equities as we cut our EPS estimates for China, Hong Kong, and Indian equities. For similar reasons, we have also reduced the fair PE for EM equities from 13.5X to 12.5X and cut our EPS forecast for the region.

With our designated fair PE and EPS estimates for both regions, we project an upside potential of 13% for the MSCI Asia ex-Japan Index and 20% for the MSCI emerging market Index by end-FY24. With the decline in upside potential and risking country-level risk, the attractiveness for both regions has diminished as the risk-reward is increasingly skewed to the downside. 

Chart 2: MSCI Asia ex-Japan EPS forecast

 

Table 2: MSCI Asia ex-Japan upside forecast

Asia (MSCI Asia ex-Japan Index)

FY2021

FY2022

FY2023

FY2024

PE ratio (X)

11.9

12.8

13.4

12.0

Projected earnings growth (YoY %)

26.3%

-7.2%

-4.7%

12.4%

Projected Earnings Per Share (EPS)

52.8

49.0

46.7

52.5

Target fair price (Based on 13.5X Fair PE ratio)

-

-

-

709

Potential upside (%)

-

-

-

12.9%

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., iFAST estimates. Data as of 1 Dec 2022. 


Chart 3: MSCI Emerging Market index EPS forecast

 

Table 3: MSCI Emerging Market index upside forecast

EM (MSCI Emerging Market Index)

FY2021

FY2022

FY2023

FY2024

PE ratio (X)

10.4

11.4

12.0

10.5

Projected earnings growth (YoY %)

26.3%

-9.1%

-4.4%

14.4%

Projected Earnings Per Share (EPS)

94.1

85.5

81.7

93.5

Target fair price (Based on 12.5X Fair PE ratio)

-

-

-

1,169

Potential upside (%)

-

-

-

19.5%

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., iFAST estimates. Data as of 1 Dec 2022. 


Downgrade Asia ex-Japan and EM equities from 4.0 stars to 2.5 and 3.0 stars respectively


As a result of the reasons outlined above, we have downgraded Asia ex-Japan equities from 4.0 Stars “Very Attractive” to 2.5 Stars “Neutral” and EM equities from 4.0 Stars “Very Attractive” to 3.0 Stars “Attractive”. Consequent to this shift in view, we suggest cutting portfolio exposure to these regions if investors are overweight or have a heavy position within the portfolio.

In terms of positioning, we have a preference for fixed income over equities, particularly investment grade and short-duration bonds, in light of rising recession risk. Investment grade bonds provide the defensive element given a stronger credit profile while supplemented by above-average yields. Short-duration bonds also offer attractive yields and minimise the duration risk given our expectation for further rate hikes.

On a regional level, we recommend that investors re-allocate to US and Japanese equities as they provide better risk-reward as compared to EM and Asian ex-Japan. We favour a value-focused exposure to US equities given the upside risks in inflation and an unyieldingly aggressive Fed. For investors who want to maintain exposure to Asian equities, we suggest re-allocating to ASEAN, a resilient play within Asia and a likely beneficiary from a potential degradation in China’s long-term outlook. We also favour LATAM equities, given the exposure to commodities, attractive valuations, and being beneficiaries of a weaker US dollar. On a sectoral level, we prefer commodity-linked equities, which we expect to be supported by favourable supply-demand dynamics in both the short and long term.

Table 4: Recommended products


Declaration:
For specific disclosure, at the time of publication of this report, IFPL (via its connected and associated entities) and the analyst who produced this report hold a NIL position in the abovementioned securities.

The Research Team is part of iFAST Financial Pte Ltd

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