Funds

US: Value to lead the way

Equity market leadership in the US has shifted from Growth to Value. We continue to see rotation opportunities in the latter and expect the outperformance to continue.

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  • Published on 28 May 2022

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  • We continue to see rotation opportunities in US Value-oriented equities and we expect Value leadership to continue as supported by i) elevated inflation, ii) rate hike cycle, iii) tighter financial conditions, and iii) undemanding relative valuation.

  • Inflation headwinds and more lately, late-cycle dynamics such as slowing macro growth and moderating corporate profits, have started to materialise in the US. This necessitates a transition to a Value and defensive investing style. We recommend the JPMorgan Funds - US Value Fund.

  • The fund not only provides strong value exposure but the investment strategy incorporates a Quality tilt by investing in high quality, conservative companies with relatively stable patterns of earnings at attractive valuations.

  • The fund has a strong track record during periods of market weakness and economic uncertainties where it often outperformed other US Value strategies as well as its benchmark.

Value is again in the spotlight after the solid performance year-to-date. After a decade of underperformance, Value investing has led the way while Growth investing has taken a backseat. In fact, the Value leadership has been global as the outperformance was notable across major equity regions, including the US (Chart 1). 

Looking ahead, we continue to see rotation opportunities in Value as highlighted in our recent article. We hold the same view for US equity markets. In this article, we outline the reasons why we prefer Value as well as our recommended approach to a Value strategy in the US equity market.


Chart 1: US Value has broadly outperformed its Growth counterpart since 4Q 2021

 

Why US Value?


Our preference for US Value over Growth is anchored by our expectations of stronger ongoing performance of Value-oriented equities. In our view, US Value’s performance will likely be supported by the combination of these factors – i) elevated inflation, ii) ongoing rate hike cycle, iii) tighter financial conditions, and iii) undemanding relative valuation.

US Value performance remains supported by elevated inflation. Historically, the performance of US Value relative to Growth has exhibited a strong positive correlation to inflation expectations (measured by the US 5Y5Y forward inflation swap rate) (Chart 2). This can be explained by the underlying exposure of US Value indices, which overweight inflation-sensitive sectors such as Financials, Energy, Industrials, and Materials (gauged by Russell 1000 Value relative to Russell 1000 index). Furthermore, during periods of elevated inflation, US Value tends to benefit from inflation-hedging flows and re-allocation flows (away from Growth and into Value).

US Value outperformance tends to occur around rate hike cycles as Value indices tend to possess shorter equity duration exposure relative to Growth indices (Chart 3). Such characteristic makes Growth-oriented equities more sensitive to changes in policy rate expectations and consequently, more susceptible to valuation contraction. In our view, the duration and degree of US Value outperformance during hiking cycles tend to vary in accordance with the aggressiveness of the Fed and market’s pricing of rate hikes. How early markets price in rate hikes will also influence when Value start to outperform. That said, more often, the outperformance tends to be earlier in the cycle and larger when market pricing is more aggressive. Considering we are still early in this rate hike cycle (relative to a terminal rate of 2% - 3%) and the upside risk in inflation (potentially leading to more aggressive rates pricing), we see further room for US Value to outperform during this rate hike cycle. 

US Value tends to outperform its Growth counterpart during tighter financial conditions. US financial conditions – influenced by interest rates, equity prices, credit spreads, and USD strength – has tightened significantly since 4Q last year. History shows, tightening US financial conditions has a strong relation with the outperformance of US Value over Growth (Chart 4). As we enter 2H22, we expect US financial conditions to tighten further, anchoring US Value outperformance. Primarily from more 50bps rate hikes and June’s quantitative tightening which may spillover via wider credit spreads and relative strength in the USD.

US Value continues to trade at a gapping discount to its Growth counterpart. The Russell 1000 Value index is trading at almost 40% discount to its Growth counterpart, notably larger than the historical average discount of 28% (Chart 5). At such an extreme level, we believe there is further room for the value rotation to run. The valuation gap has been closing this year and we expect it to shrink further, especially with the three above mentioned dynamics in play. 

Chart 2: Elevated inflation expectations are supporting US Value outperformance


Chart 3: The outperformance of US Value tends to occur around rate hike cycles

 

Chart 4: Strong correlation between the outperformance of US Value and tighter financial conditions

 

Chart 5: US Value index is trading at almost 40% discount to its Growth counterpart



A Value strategy for US equities


The JPMorgan Funds - US Value Fund aims to provide long-term capital growth by investing primarily in a Value style biased portfolio of US companies. It is benchmarked to the Russell 1000 Value index. The team’s investment philosophy emphasises on investing in high quality, conservative companies with relatively stable patterns of earnings that trade at attractive valuations. As such, the team actively invests in stocks with attractive risk-reward based on improving business fundamentals and operating environments. 

The team utilises a bottom-up approach to screen for high quality companies with attractive valuations. To do so, the team first analyses business, management and financial factors to identify companies with the combination of durable franchises, consistent earnings, and a strong management team. These companies are then screened based on tailored valuation metrics (for each stock) to determine suitable entry and exit points. The portfolio has a core of high quality US companies with 70 – 100 names. 

The largest sector is Financials (26%), followed by Health Care (19%). Consumer discretionary (9%), Energy (9%), and Industrials (9%) are the next three largest sectors. The other sectors are 7% or below (Chart 6). 

Chart 6: Portfolio sector breakdown and positions

 

Value fund with a Quality tilt


A compelling reason why we favour the JPMorgan Funds - US Value Fund is its mix of Value and Quality attributes. The fund not only provides a strong Value exposure but the investment strategy incorporates a Quality tilt, as outlined above (Chart 7). 

This can be observed via the fund’s higher trailing 12-month return on equity (20.9% against benchmark’s 17.5%) and forward 12-month earnings growth (9.0% against benchmark’s 8.0%). In addition, the valuation of the fund remains in line with the benchmark at 15.0X, despite the slightly stronger earnings growth expectations (all data are as of 28 Feb 22).

Chart 7: The fund's investment philosophy highlights the importance a Value and Quality approach



Combination of Quality and Value optimal for the road ahead


The road ahead for US equities may be a bumpy one. On the macro front, US growth has started to moderate and will continue to be weighed down by rate hikes, quantitative tightening, and inflation. On the earnings front, margins are getting squeezed by rising input costs and a gradual erosion in demand. In this prevailing macro backdrop, we prefer a Quality tilt layered on a Value exposure. This conservative approach allows us to express our positive views on Value, while better defend against growth risks and profit headwinds in the US. 

In the event where US growth slows more than expected, the earnings of Value stocks may come under pressure, especially companies which are highly leveraged to economic growth. To mitigate this, we believe holding a portfolio of high quality companies with sustainable cashflow and earnings power can better withstand the margin pressure from a softening US growth. Furthermore, in the current inflationary backdrop, high quality companies with strong moat and high barriers to entry – which are companies the fund screens for - often possess stronger pricing power, allowing easier pass-through of cost to consumers. 

Strong track record during market weakness 


Another reason why we favour the JPMorgan Funds - US Value Fund is its strong track record during periods of market weakness and economic uncertainties. Periods of softening US growth is often accompanied by a decline in US equity returns as markets assess and price in the economic malaise. This is reflected in Chart 8, where the ISM manufacturing index – leading indicator of the US growth – and the price return of Russell 1000 index have demonstrated a tight correlation. 

We assessed prior episodes of ISM manufacturing declines, more specifically from its peak to trough, to determine the performance of similar US Value strategies and the Russell 1000 Value index. During these periods (Table 1), we observed that the JPMorgan Funds - US Value Fund was broadly more resilient and generated stronger returns in almost all episodes, with the exception of Dec ’14 to Jan ‘16. This remains true even in the current episode of ISM manufacturing index decline, where the fund generated a 11% return since ISM peaked in March ’21 (as of 26 May). 

Also worth highlighting is the fund’s year-to-date performance. Despite the aggressive sell-off in US equities this year thus far, the fund has remained resilient and outperformed peer strategies and its benchmark (Chart 9).

Chart 8: Decline in ISM manufacturing index is often accompanied by weakness in US equities

 

Table 1: JPMorgan Funds - US Value Fund was more resilient and outperformed during periods of market weakness and economic uncertainties

 

Chart 9: JPMorgan Funds - US Value Fund managed to perform well YTD despite the relentless sell-off in US equities


Concluding thoughts


With the current US macro backdrop of rising policy rates and elevated inflation, we expect performance for Value-oriented stocks to remain supported and for Value leadership to continue. However, late-cycle dynamics such as slowing macro growth and moderating corporate profits have started to materialise in the US. 

In our view, this necessitates a transition to a more defensive investing style. We therefore deem a Value and Quality approach to US equities as a good blend to best capture our views for the road ahead. As such, we recommend the JPMorgan Funds - US Value A (acc) USD which offers strong exposure to both factors.

The Research Team is part of iFAST Financial Pte Ltd

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