Macro Research

China: Should the US-China tech-trade war be a major concern for China equities?

Amid the backdrop of ratcheting US-China tension, particularly on the technology front, investor’s concerns are mounting regarding the outlook of China equities. In this article, we examine the impact of recent US-China tech tension on the latter’s economic and corporate health. Also, we evaluate the outlook of the US-China trade war and how the US election may change things moving forward.

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  • Published on 26 Sep 2020

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  • US ban on some of the Chinese companies will have little impact given that i) most of them are unlisted and ii) listed Chinese internet companies have very minimal revenue exposure to international markets.   
  • US-China trade relation is one area that has not worsened lately and is unlikely to in the near-term due to i) strong commitments to the phase-one deal, ii)  economic drag by Covid-19, iii) economic-political cost for the US election and iv) China current economic leverage over the US.  
  • The world is still highly dependent on China given its deeply embedded supply chain and high import of intermediate goods (from China). The Covid-19 situation is making it tougher  for countries to untangle with China, without a huge cost.   
  • A Biden win is likely to represent a positive shift to a multilateralism approach,  improvement in overall trade backdrop and less aggressive trade policy . This is likely to bode well for China.
  • Tensions may hurt sentiment for Chinese plays, which could push the stock prices lower. Given limited fundamental impact and supported by a robust recovering domestic economy, this may create a buying opportunity.   

Tech war’s impact on Chinese corporate fundamentals limited

The US-China tension has ratcheted up in the tech front over recent months. Mounting competition on advanced technology has resulted in retaliatory measures including, company bans, restriction (i.e. Huawei, Tiktok) and delisting of Chinese ADRs. 

A broad analysis reveals that most of the affected companies – i.e. Huawei, Bytedance, are not listed in Chinese stock exchanges (and not included in our benchmark MSCI China index). These companies may have relatively higher revenue exposure to the US but are not represented in Chinese stock exchanges.

For the listed companies that maybe more vulnerable, the majority of them are Chinese internet companies which belong to the Communication services, Consumer discretionary and IT sector. Most of these listed companies have overwhelming domestic revenue concentration and have little sales exposure to the US. 

The revenue exposure to the International markets for those sectors ranges roughly 0-4% (table 1 and 2), which means exposure to US will be even smaller. US ban on these Chinese companies will have little impact on the revenue stream and corporate earnings growth. In fact, earnings are recovering steadily in China as the economic rebound firms. 

Furthermore, many of China’s internet companies are supported by megatrends such as rising Internet penetration rate and the digitalisation of consumption, when taking on a longer term viewpoint. We surmised that such trends may scaled back marginally amid near-term US-China tensions but are not easily derailed by it.


Table 1: Revenue exposure to international markets dramatically small for digital companies

Sector

Domestic Revenue Exposure

International Revenue Exposure

   IT

68.20%

31.80%

   Energy

71.60%

28.40%

   Health Care

79.10%

20.90%

   Materials

86.00%

14.00%

   Industrials

86.90%

13.10%

   Financials

95.00%

5.00%

   Comm. Srv

96.80%

3.20%

   Cons. Staples

96.30%

3.70%

   Cons. Disc.

98.20%

1.80%

   Utilities

98.50%

1.50%

   Real Estate

99.00%

1.00%

Source:MSCI, iFAST compilations.
Data as of Sep 2020.

Table 2: Top 10 constituents within MSCI China has miniscule revenue exposure to international markets

MSCI China Top 10 Constituents

International Revenue Exposure

Weight

Alibaba group Holdings 

6.7%

19.8%

Tencent Holdings

4.4%

14.4%

Meituan Dianping

0.0%

4.3%

China Construction Bank

3.3%

2.5%

JD.com

0.0%

2.5%

Ping An Insurance

0.0%

2.3%

China Mobile

0.0%

1.6%

NetEase

0.0%

1.5%

Baidu

0.0%

1.3%

ICBC

0.0%

1.3%

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., iFAST compilations.
Data as of Sep 2020.

Is trade war still a major concern for investors?

Contrary to the expectation of some, trade is one key area between US and China that has not worsened recently. Just around a month ago, both countries reaffirmed commitment to a phase-one trade deal. 

The CNY movement against the greenback is a good barometer on US-China relationship given the sensitivity of price action to tension level since 2018 onwards. We believe its recent strength is reflective of the markets’ assessment that the interim trade deal will not breakdown this year.

While China exports were weighed down by multiple rounds of tariffs last year, the tale has turned in 2020. Chinese export growth has largely been strong in 2020 and rebounded fiercely, underpinned by the strong demand for Covid-19 related and housing-related goods (as a result of the lower for longer interest rates environment). 

Looking ahead, we think it is unlikely that any material trade retaliation will be implemented in the near-term given i) both countries commitment to a phase-one trade deal, ii) the pre-existing economic drag of Covid-19, iii) political-economic cost for the US election (neither side would benefit) and iv) China current economic leverage over the US.

We believe as time passes, China will be less reliant on US with regards to China’s trade in goods. Last year’s trade war serves as a catalyst to exacerbate this dynamic as can be witnessed from exports, imports and trade surplus data shown in Chart 1 and 2.

While China’s export outlook remains constructive, it has failed to meet US export target. According to Bloomberg, China’s purchases under Phase 1 trade deal is falling short as exports hit $33.1bn as opposed to the targeted $71bn in H1. Albeit unlikely, this could be leverage upon by the US (i.e. Trump may capitalize on anti-China rhetoric to drum up his political base) to pressure China as the election draws near.

Chart 1: Significance of the US with regards to China’s trade has declined over the last year…

  
Source: CEIC, Bloomberg , Crédit Agricole CIB
Data as of Sep 2020

Chart 2: …readings from exports, imports and trade balance further reinforces

 

Is the decoupling of China by the US (and the World) a reality or a pipe dream?

One pertinent worry of investors surrounding the US-China trade conflict is the severe economic impairment and the potential setback in technological advancement faced by China, if President Trump were to follow through with his threats to punish China for its ‘unfair trade practices’.

To some extent, we concur with the main street's worries for China's future economic prospects amid such a looming threat.

After all, US is a large contributor for China’s growth and American consumers are among its largest customers. Furthermore, China companies are still highly reliant on US technologies for its products. Chinese smartphone makers like Xiaomi and Oppo still produce phones with Android operating system – owned by US-based Google Inc – with no clear option for replacement. 

Taking a rational view, however, we think that situation may not be as straightforward as what investors make it out to be. 

Chart 3: China has become closely integrated with global value chains in the last two decade


For one, global trade has become more intertwined and convoluted than before. As enthusiastic as the world (led by US) may be about cutting trade ties with China, the world is still highly dependent on the nation (Chart 3). 

At the same time, the pandemic also makes the task of decoupling even more challenging than before. With China back at work at the end of Q1, after the epicentre of the Covid-19 pandemic shifted toward US and Europe, China's role in the global supply chains become stronger as a result, driving world trade and maintaining global growth.

In fact, China’s share of global exports has reached a record in the second quarter – at nearly 20%. The sustained strength in exports has enabled China to register monthly surplus of about USD 60 billion in July and August. At the same time, the US trade deficit widened to more than USD 60 billion in July – its highest level since 2008. 

In recent decades, China has become deeply entrenched at the centre of global supply chains, providing modern manufacturing capability with its relatively low-cost skilled labour. At least 20% of world imports from China are intermediate goods – product used in the production process to make final goods. Multinational manufacturers – even those in the US – are finding it difficult to cut themselves off China easily and quickly, without incurring severe penalties on their sides as well. 

The complete decoupling of US trade ties with China could therefore be a long-drawn affair – should it materialise at all. While US manufacturers are compelled to shift production chains out of China, the cost of fragmenting the production chains could translate to rising production costs and increased lead times for the US manufacturers, rendering them less competitive over the long haul. 

Not to mention, the US still depends heavily on China to provide low-cost goods for the income-constrained American consumers to make ends meet, especially amid the Covid-19 induced recession. 

Possibility that US-China trade situation can improve


The US presidential election outcome will have paramount implications for US-China relations. While the outcome is unlikely to mend US-China relations significantly as a shift in power away from the existing global hegemon has historically been volatile, it will most likely shape the US’s tactical approach towards China. 

A Biden win is likely to represent a positive shift from bilateral to a multi-lateral approach and an improvement in overall trade backdrop. Less aggressive and erratic trade and foreign policy should also be expected under a Biden presidency.

Aside from the proposed policies during his campaign, Biden has the political track record, strong history with China to justify the above view. This includes being the longtime member and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, backing free trade throughout his time in Congress, having met with Xi at least eight times in 2011-2012 and supporting China’s entry into WTO 

Under this scenario, consensus expects the probability of a trade war escalation to be significantly lower and existing tariffs maybe reduced. By contrast, the re-election of Trump implies a much higher uncertainty in the US-China trade relationship and greater possibility of more aggressive trade and foreign policy.

China equities to benefit from the improving economic fundamentals

China's economy has been shifting from primarily focused on investment and manufacturing to a consumption- and services-driven market. As established in our previous article, China's economic recovery has been robust and better than expected, that translates to stronger earnings recovery given that Chinese corporates have concentrated domestic revenue exposure. 

Alongside China's structural economic reforms, policymakers’ greater attention and support in advancing in its technology capabilities in industrial internet, big data and AI will likely be able to help drive efficiencies, reduce costs and boost productivity in the years ahead. These are key catalyst at a corporate level which can lead to an accelerated earnings growth, resulting in greater upside potential in Chinese equities. 

The main sectors and industries benefiting from China's economic transformation are Consumer Discretionary and Staples, Communication Services, Health Care and Information Technology. With a significant proportion of MSCI China Index exposed to these high-growth sectors (about 60%), investors can participate directly in China’s robust economic growth via an active exposure to Chinese equities. 

In fact, MSCI China’s outperformance against global equities this year can be primarily attributed to the strong performance of the above mentioned sectors.  

We believe the YTD performances, are evidence that Covid-19 concerns, trade-tech tension and global demand slowdown are not considerable headwinds to these sectors, as suggested in this and the previous article (Chart 4).

Chart 4: Digital economy and consumption-oriented sectors are key to China’s outperformance against global equities this year. 


Tensions may affect sentiments, but not a major cause for concern

With the US elections just right around the corner, we expect the tensions between US and China to continue heating up.

Tensions between these two nations – be it on the trade or technology fronts – may hurt sentiments for China-related investment positions, leading to sell-offs in related stocks and deeper concerns of our investors on their China exposure. While the price swings (higher volatility) is indeed hard to stomach, we believe that they should not be a huge cause for concern.

We argue that the limited structural impacts coupled with a robust recovering domestic economy, Chinese equities remain strongly supported by its improving fundamentals. For the savvy investors, any pullback as a result of shift in sentiments presents buying opportunity to accumulate more exposure to the Chinese market. 

We are expecting a potential upside of 20% (Table 3) by end-2022 for China equities, underpinned by robust expected earnings growth. Also, we note that the potential upside may be extended by valuation expansion above the fair PE ratio given the ample headroom.

Overall, the fundamental picture from both the economic and corporate side is turning rosier, especially on a relative basis, where China’s recovery is widening against its peers. Further reinforced by an attractive upside potential, decent valuation, we are holding our star ratings at 4.5 stars “Very Attractive” for China equities.

Recommended products for exposure to China

Category

Products

Actively Managed Fund

UBS (Lux) Equity Fund - Greater China P Acc SGD

Passive Tracking ETF

iShares MSCI China ETF


Table 3: Forecasts for MSCI China

China Market (MSCI China Index)

FY2019

FY2020

FY2021

FY2022

PE Ratio (X)

13.6

16.8

13.5

11.3

Expected Earnings Growth (YoY %)

1.0%

-6.9%

24.0%

20.5%

Earnings Per Share (EPS)

6.3

5.8

7.2

8.7

Projected Fair Price (Based on 13.5X historical average PE Ratio)

-

-

-

118

Potential Upside from Today (%)

-

-

-

24%

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., iFAST estimates. Data as of Sep 2020.


Chart 5: Valuation trading around fair level using forward PE ratio 


Chart 6: MSCI China price performance vs EPS



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