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Macro Research

China: On steady footing of recovery amid Covid-19

Even though China started out as the first Covid-19 hotspot, the strict quarantine measures that followed enabled them to contain the outbreak relatively successfully, albeit at drastic drop in activities within 1Q20. Since then, several economic indicators have begun displaying promising signs of recovery in this Asian economy. In this article, we provide an update on recent developments in China, as well as our views on the Chinese equities in the second half of this year.

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  • Published on 05 Jul 2020

China: On steady footing of recovery amid Covid-19 | Open a FREE FSMOne account and manage all your investments conveniently in ONE place

  • China’s services and manufacturing PMIs rebounded back to expansionary levels after May, while the rest of the world are still seeing PMIs of under 50. The rebound continue to beat analyst’s expectations and surprised positively, indicative of the robustness and speed of China’s domestic-led rebound.

  • This is the result of successful containment of the outbreak leading to an earlier exit from lockdown. Plainly, this means more time for China to recover and implement stimulus support. 

  • As a result, China’s GDP growth is expected to surpassed peers in 2020 and 2021. It is one of the few nation expected to generate positive growth in 2020, when many major economies will be facing a contraction.

  • In addition, unlike trade-dependent economies, the ability of the Chinese economy to drive growth through domestic production and consumption allows it to weather the disruption to supply chains and foreign demand from Covid-19. 

  • The combination of reasonable valuations and robust earnings growth meant that upside potentials remains pretty attractive (20% for China A and 60% for China H) for China equities ahead. 

In our previous article in early-April, we shared our view that China will lead a global economic recovery this year, and as a result, we believe that the market stand a good chance in outperforming the rest of the world in 2020. 

Since then, several economic indicators (PMI, retail sales, etc.) have begun displaying promising signs of recovery in this Asian economy. The ensuing optimism among investors have also shored up in China equities, with China A (CSI 300 Index) and China H (HSML 100 Index) markets registering strong gains of close to 20% and 11% (in local currency terms) respectively since our last update in April.  

In this article, we provide an update on recent developments in China, as well as our views on the Chinese equities in the second half of this year. 

Strict handling of pandemic led to minimised probability of second wave

China’s strict and swift handling of the Covid-19 situation has become the gold standard for many countries. The number of daily Covid-19 cases in China peaked in February while the US and Europe peaked a full month later. To put things into perspective, the number of daily cases in the US is more than 10 times of China’s when it was at its peak. 

While China is extremely successful in its containment effort, we do not rule out a complete possibility that there is no serious second wave. However, we find comfort in the Chinese government’s continued strict handling of the pandemic.

In the later half of June, the average number of daily confirmed Covid-19 cases in China rose as a new cluster was uncovered in a Beijing produce market. Fearing a serious second wave, a partial lockdown was immediately implemented in Beijing, with quarantine orders of 28 days (vs usual 14 day). As such, the number of daily Covid-19 cases arising from the cluster fell dramatically. 

Chart 1: China has been quite successful in containing the pandemic



Speed of recovery outpaces regional peers

We believe most investors comprehend the severity of economic impact in 1H 2020 and will be focusing on the recovery path. Economies that demonstrate positive data surprises/ revisions and strong speed of recovery will see greater price momentum as optimism amass. In short, 2H 2020 will be a race to recovery and the one leading this race is China. 

One can get a good gauge of the speed of recovery through month-on-month (MoM) sequential data and diffusion indices (i.e. PMI data). The caveat is that the reopening month’s data may seem overly positive as data move form worst (full shutdown) to less worst (reopening). Keeping that in mind, back-to-back positive MoM data or above 50 for PMIs can indicate healthy recovery.

China’s services and manufacturing PMIs rebounded back to expansionary levels after May, when it reemerged from lockdown. The rest of the world are still seeing PMIs of under 50. This is the result of successful containment of the outbreak leading to an earlier exit from lockdown. Plainly, this means more time for China to recover and implement stimulus support. 

Also worth mentioning is that China’s rebound continue to beat analyst’s expectations and surprised positively. This is indicative of the robustness and speed of China’s domestic-led rebound.

Chart 2: China’s manufacturing PMI back above 50, suggesting faster recovery than peers…



Chart 3: … Same goes for services PMI



Chart 4: PMIs have beaten estimates for most of the months after March 



Growth slated to surpass peers in 2020 and 2021; the only economy to avoid a contraction this year


Given China’s robust recovery, we expect its GDP growth to surpassed peers in 2020 and 2021. The nation is expected to generate positive growth in 2020, when many other major economies will be facing an economic contraction (Chart 5).

The difference in growth is even more stark when one look into the quarterly growth and projections of China and its peers. As highlighted in chart 5, from a quarterly basis, GDP growth rate should lead its peers from 2Q 2020 and the rest of the year. From the chart, it is also clear that China will lead Asia ex Japan’s regional growth. 

According to the IMF, China is one of the only economies slated to experience positive GDP growth this year. For one, China benefits from the economic momentum it has, being a relatively nascent economy compared to developed markets like the US and EU. This has provided it with a buffer of consistent economic growth, ranging from 6-8% over the last few years. While Covid-19 may put a dent in this trend, China is likely to maintain its positive GDP growth.

Chart 5: China the only major economy/ region to see positive GDP growth in 2020


 
Looking at the various sub-components which contribute to these optimistic GDP forecasts, we find that China is on its way toward a broad-based economic recovery. Construction starts and fixed asset investment, which plunged amidst the Covid-19-induced economic uncertainty, have returned to positive growth year-on-year, reflecting growing optimism amongst businesses. 

Industrial value-added, which measures the contribution of private industry to GDP, has also returned to pre-Covid-19 levels, showing that production levels have been ramped back up despite increased inefficiencies in social distancing measures and travel restrictions across borders. 

Producers’ ability to meet demand in spite of these disruptions is key to driving an economic recovery, and China’s commitment to curbing infections is likely to pay off as it rolls back these restrictions cautiously.

Trade & domestic demand both recovering. But domestic demand recovery is much stronger

On the side of consumer demand, retail sales in China have bounced back strongly as well. Though retail sales have not rebounded to the degree to which other components have, China’s recovery is likely to be driven by the eventual revival of domestic consumption.

The resilience of the Chinese economy can be attributed to its secular growth drivers. China benefits from strong domestic demand, reducing its reliance on other countries’ economic recovery to facilitate a rebound. Unlike trade-dependent economies, the ability of the Chinese economy to drive growth through domestic production and consumption allows it to weather the disruption to supply chains and foreign demand from Covid-19. 

Chart 6: Household consumption has grew in importance in driving the growth of China’s economy.


 
China’s combined average new orders has rebounded from its February low, shoring up trade orders, which represent foreign demand, and have yet to return to pre-Covid-19 levels. New orders act as a leading indicator for the economy, as it implies that manufacturers foresee future increases in demand and thus raise new orders in anticipation to meet this demand. 

Private consumption has risen consistently as a proportion of China’s GDP, given its relatively untapped domestic market. The growth potential of Chinese consumer demand, especially from its Tier-2 and below cities, has not been derailed by the Covid-19 pandemic.

We believe that China’s decisive measures to flatten the coronavirus infection curve have resulted in short-term pains, but there are clear bright spots in leading economic indicators which show improving business and consumer sentiment. Moreover, the resilient nature of the domestic consumption-driven Chinese economy makes China well-positioned to handle the near-term supply and demand disruptions brought about by Covid-19.

Rebound in credit growth supportive of economy and corporates


The Chinese government have ramped up efforts in its injection of credit into the economy via aggressive monetary stimulus. As observed from chart 7, China’s credit growth rebounded in March where (i) total social financing (funds provided by China’s domestic financial system to the private sector) picked up, (ii) more loans extended by Chinese banks and (iii) money supply expanded. 

Credit impulse (measures the impacts of new lending increments, or acceleration of credits, to GDP growth) has surged in April and May (chart 7) due to the government’s credit injection. Economic data (shown above) firmly suggests that Chinese policymakers were successful in supporting the real economy and corporates.

Growth in credit impulse is also a positive for businesses and has historically lead to earnings growth (chart 8). We believe China’s monetary policy will likely remain loose for 2H 2020 in a bid to ensure a sturdy recovery.

Chart 7: Government have stepped up injection of credit in March


Chart 8: Positive credit impulse growth suggests further growth for EPS


 

Cheap valuations and robust upside potentials

Despite the solid rebound of 10-20% in Chinese equities off the lows in Q1 this year, we still see tremendous upside potentials in these markets ahead. 

Firstly, valuations of Chinese equities are still cheap. The forward price-earnings ratio (P/E) of China A (CSI 300 index) and China H (HSML100 Index) equities are now only 11.8x and 8.4x, which are far lower than their fair P/E of 13.0x and 12.0x respectively. On a historical basis, China A is trading slightly above the long-term average forward PE of 10.8X, while China H equities are still trading below the average PE of 8.8X (Chart 9 & 10).

As we have witnessed in the last three months (April to June), cheap valuations provide much room for rapid swings in PE multiples, as valuations revert to mean, granting impressive capital appreciation for investors holding Chinese equities. Looking ahead, the positive catalysts for further expansions in PE are lining up for China A and H equities, given the gradual and steady recovery in macro conditions across 2H 2020. 

Chart 9: Despite the robust rebound of over 20%, forward PE of China A is only trading slightly above the long-term average.



Chart 10: China H equities are still trading below the average PE level, which mean there is plenty of room for further upside ahead.  


 
Secondly, the earnings per share (EPS) growth for both China A and H equities are projected to be pretty robust as well. While these markets to only eke out low single digit growth this year (which is already better than many other markets), EPS growth will likely to rebound back to the solid double-digit rates typical of the Chinese equity markets. 

It is important to also remember that EPS growth of Chinese equities were heavily adjusted downwards since the start of the year (since China was the first Covid-19 hotspot). Thus, we believe improvements in global and domestic Covid-19 situation ahead would provide impetus for analysts to revise their earnings estimates higher. 

Collectively, with both earnings growth and valuation expansion poised to serve as strong tailwinds over the next two years, we are convinced that China A-shares and H-shares can realise their potential upsides of 20% and 60% respectively in the next two years (Table 2).

Table 1: Upside potentials of China A and H markets are +20% and +60% respectively by end-2022. 

Market

Index

2020E

EPS Growth

2021E

EPS Growth

2022E

EPS Growth

Current

Forward P/E (X)

2021E

Forward P/E (X)

Fair

P/E (X)

Potential Growth

(by 2021 end

China A

CSI 300

3.0%

16.0%

12.1%

12.5

10.9

13

20%

China H

HSML100

1.6%

13.1%

11.6%

7.73

6.94

12

60%

Source: Bloomberg Finance L.P., Wind, iFAST estimates. Data as of Jul 2020.


Table 2: Recommended products for exposure to the individual markets/ segments across the two major asset classes (fixed income & equities)

Chart 11: China A equities have been rather volatile in the last few years, but they have a robust earnings growth trend to back them up. 



Chart 12: China H equities have lagged China A equities due to idiosyncratic factors, which translates to opportunities for greater upside capture as the gap closes.




The Research Team is part of iFAST Financial Pte Ltd.     


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